1.    Pfizer: Pfizer is an American based, largest Pharma Industrial Setup. Last Decade the company caught in many controversies but has recovered well.

2.    Johnson & Johnson: It is an American consumer and pharmaceutical Industry having wide range of products including medicated and cosmetics. It has highly demand and quality baby products, located at New Jersey State.

 3.    Glaxo Smithkline: Largest Pharmaceutical Setup in world has 1^st position from a number of times in pharma business. Affected by World economic crisis.

 4.    Sanofi Aventis: research and Development oriented French Multinational Pharma Industry .

5.    Novartis: Swiss Pharmaceutical Industry. One of Largest Setups.

 6.    Roche: Also a Swiss based Pharmaceutical Industry.

 7.    AstraZeneca: British origin, largest seller of Cancer and Cardiac medicines. Globally spread and larger part of sales is in Europe.

 8.    Abbott Labs: One of old company present in 130 countries around the world. Major products are of daily use and protective agents.

 9.    Merck: Oldest Pharmaceutical Industry, Independently work after First World War.

 10. Bristol Myers Squibb: Produce large numbers of Medicines that are used in server diseases. Founded a decade ago and appear in list to top 10 pharmaceutical industries in very less time.

Nobody likes to take medicines. Patient compliance is a big factor in therapy. Scientists have found a new way to control the release of drug from a device. It can be swallowed, injected, inhaled or delivered to the bloodstream through a time-release implant. The device is a small-size microchip embedded in the body which can be control remotely via a wireless connection.

The drug chip is very useful in delivering bone-strengthening hormones to women in case of complicated osteoporosis. The presence time chip remains up to four years in patient body. Details are published in online journal Science Translational Medicine.

The Chips works and controlled by radio waves in specific dedicated frequencies range. The working principle of chip is similar to pacemakers, defibrillators and other implantable electronic devices but the difference that comes between chip and these devices is about singling. Chip delivers a chemical signal rather than an electronic signal.

This technology could be best for treating a number of diseases and conditions that require regular medicine in form of pulse. Disease usually includes pain, infertility, multiple sclerosis or diabetes. Complicated drug regimen can also be easily controlled by this micro-tech. The researchers started their company with name of MicroChips Inc. of Waltham, Mass for production of chip.

Chip will be the gift for women affecting with osteoporosis as they have prescribed by hormone therapy with the dosing directions and involving daily injections for up to two years. This cause patient compliance problems and chip has found to be the good solution.

It have been seen that microchips wouldn’t have the capacity to store the dose of insulin that patients required every day. But chips can be modified with glucose sensors. Glucose sensors can notice when a patient’s blood sugar drop too low and respond by triggering a release of glucagon. Microchips can be used for multiple potent and complex dosage regimen drugs but currently only one drug is tested.

A study from Harvard University on Feb-16 revealed that Scientist have created a DNA robots that helps to find diseased cancerous cells in body. This robot DNA is also programmed to kill those cancer cells. Clamshell shaped folded DNA has programmed in Nano-size device. This device delivers immune system antibodies to leukemia and lymphoma cells that cause self-destruction of these cells. The detail report is also published in Journal.

This test was done on Lab level in a dish. Next step will be conducted on animals for locating cancer cells in body. The Nano-Robots DNA technology is not ready now for commercial application. The Mechanism of Robot DNA Nano-Device is based on immune cells attacking behaviour that recognized viruses and other invaders.

These robots are clamshell shape and held together with a “Joining line” similar as we construct and join sticky ends of DNA in recombinant DNA technology. The programmed modified DNA releases its grip when it recognized specific targets on a cell.If these devices find commercial application with better therapeutic and diagnostic index, it may also benefit people with autoimmune disease.

For More Information | http://www.vosenekids.co.uk/headlice-knowledge

Article Submitted By

Polina G

(pgolubeva@ignitionsearch.co.uk)

Liposuction is a surgical procedure in which the surgeon uses a cunnula to remove fatty deposits. A cannula is a hollowed tube with holes along its entire length. The instrument is then attached to a suction machine to perform the removal. A surgeon will place the cannula between the layers of the skin and tissue to pull the fat out, this is done by creating small tunnels to decrease the total mass of this form of tissue. As the body heals following the surgery, the tunnels will become smaller and produce the firmer and toned appearance that is desired.

The nature of the surgery means there will be a small weight loss, due to fatty mass reduction. Typically this is only a few pounds pulled from the desired areas such as the abdomen, thighs, and hips. A procedure which removes more than eight to ten pounds develops high risks of serious and possibly life threatening effects, therefore it is not recommended as a treatment for obesity. People who gain the best results from body contouring procedures are of average to slightly overweight body size and are simply trying to eliminate the small problem areas which are not responding to exercise and diet.

These surgeries are considered cosmetic in nature. They were developed to aid a person in obtaining the desired silhouette that is not being reached with exercise and diet control or as a fight against the effects of aging.

The effects of liposuction depend upon the individual who has the operation performed. While it is true that the lipid tissue is permanently removed, it does not mean that fat cannot develop into a problem again. A person who does not change their calorie intake and participate in exercise will quickly have the results overshadowed by the return of the fat.

When liposuction is performed in an area the lipid cells are dramatically decreased in that portion of the body. The body will not regrow the cells that are removed. Instead, when weight is gained it will develop in alternate areas. For example, a person who has treated their abdomen and thighs and then gains weight after the operation will find the majority of fat deposits growing in their buttocks, breasts, back, and even their face rather than the areas treated. In general, the concept of weight gain refers to ten pounds or more.

Liposuction is commonly used to remove the small pockets of fat that remain after achieving individual weight loss goals. It is the final or finishing touches to the body after the effort has been performed in lose the unwanted weight and is usually done in conjunction with other plastic surgery alterations.

A consultation with a qualified surgeon is necessary to assess the desired outcome, it is essential that a person understand what is considered to be a reasonable result of the process.

The main emphasis is now on developing an antidote for alter the adverse effects of anti-malarial drug. The literature tells us about Folinic Acid or Calcium Folinade activity as an antidote for reversing this drug reaction. Postive results are also expected with this antidote therapy that is initiated in Hospital.

How this Anti-Malarial Drug causes the reaction?

It is not confirm yet but If there is Contaminated of Pyrimethamine which commonly used as anti-malarial drug, Inhibits folic acid synthesis. Folic acid in body is essential for DNA and RNA synthesis.  High dose of above drug causes Acute bone marrow toxicity in if taken in chronic dosage, since bone marrow are rapidly dividing cells (hence DNA and RNA synthesis) in the production of blood cells.

Hence large doses of folinic acid will reverse the toxicity very quickly. Will take at least 18-21 days for the white blood cells to return to near normal levels. Blood transfusion would help to overcome the bone marrow production insufficiency, along with folic acid infusion until the patient’s bone marrow function returns.

 My Suggestion for the Government  officials are;

1. Facilitates the drug testing labs with efficient equipments and trained staff like Pharmacist and other analysts for precise results.

2. Emphasize the clinical Role of Pharmacist in Hospital to implement the correct use of medicines, by increasing vacancies for Pharmacist in each hospital.

3. Build a quality Regulatory authority to control over manufacturing and Licensing procedures.

• Default or toxic batch production with contamination of some metal
• Adverse drug reaction
• Mysterious disease

Condition of Patient after Reaction

The patients suffering from drug reaction have very low platelet count, low white blood cell count and bone marrow damage. This sudden fall in platelets and WBC causes death of patient.

Possible Reasons

1. Drug regulation system in Pakistan is not so very effective. The risks associated with some adulteration or suspicious agent in raw material during manufacturing considerably can be the main reason of this drug reaction. Some Pharma companies bought raw material of low quality that may subject to chemical changes during inappropriate storage conditions in Hospital.

2. These drug if use in regimen may interact with each other, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Aspirin with clopidogrel can increase the risk of bleeding. Clopidogrel and statins also interacts and increase the anti-platelet effect that may cause bleeding. If this is the case then there is a clear cut need of a Pharmacist in Cardiac and other  hospitals. it should also be noted that these interactions may also decrease the platelet count. If this is not a reason of death then combination of these medication should also be considered with precaution and proper monitoring. There are few links that may support my dissuasion.

Reference Link:

1. American Heart Association: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/110/6/e68.full

2. http://heart-disease.emedtv.com/clopidogrel/drug-interactions-with-clopidogrel.html

3. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/98/22/2461.full

4. http://cll.acor.org/pp%20platelets.htm

3. Some toxic material or excipient may be added during production of that batch.  Principal of the Allama Iqbal Medical College/Jinnah Hospital Prof Javed Akram said that there might be chance of  metal contamination that damages the platelets and bone marrow. I want to add further in it regarding production of these tablets. During processing and manufacturing of tablets different metallic equipments ( High Quality material) are used like sieves, compression machine ( Punches) and e.t.c. It is also possible that manufacturer equipments for production of tablets are not of well and good quality or may completed its optimum working period. The Metal Contamination may also comes form the raw manufacturer of excipient or active drug used.

4. If we draw attention toward a mysterious disease then this type of condition of patient indicates toward the Congo Virus infection or may be new strains of Congo virus that significantly decrease the amount of platelets or White cells without giving other symptoms. Or we can say that it is may be because of Congo virus contamination in material use in manufacturing of this cardiac medicines.

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Following are the Tips and important considerations for a healthier hairs and to prevent hair loss.

• Excessive use of Shampoo may promotes hair loss , use shampoo daily once that is sufficient for your hair. Always select mild, non-medicated, non-alkaline shampoo and avoid harsh soaps. Those who have dry hairs may follow shampoos with oil-based conditioners.
• Use of Tobacco, alcohol and excessive caffeine intake causes dandruff and dryness to hairs that promotes hair loss. Avoid use of caffeine and nicotine (Tobacco).
• Avoid use of salts. More salts in body make more hair loss.
• Do Head stands once daily for 5 mins . ( Head stand is a position of lowering head below body)
• Massage scalp by hand, or with an electric vibrator or massager.
• Mental stress and mental load cause vaso-consitriction of scalp blood vessels that make inadequate supply of blood to scalp hairs and as a result promotes hair loss. For This, Medication and mental relaxation techniques are useful.
• Nutritional deficiencies are major cause of hair loss. Minerals are more important growth factor for hairs as compare to proteins. Mineral Deficiencies also causes greying of hairs. Use balanced diet containting mineral and organic components essentail for hairs. Zinc also play an important role in hair growth.
• Use of fruits and juices provides anti-oxidants to the body that prevent the chemical reactions that affect the hairs or promote the hair loss.
• Use adequate water intake daily to overcome dryness of hair and scalp. It also prevent pre-aging.
• Old remedies for dandruff is use of Apple-cider vinegar, applied as a rinse.
• Vitamin E massaging on sclap also prevent hair loss and dandruff.
• Rinse your hairs immediately after swiming in chlorinated water or treated water.
• Prolong exposure to ultra violent rays of sun cause damage to hairs. The Intensity of Sun light is maximum from 10.00 am to 2.00 pm.
• Stress factor in teenagers also retard the growth of hairs. Teenagers should manage the stress and take everything lightly and relaxly.
• Avoid Hair dryer machines and also the parlor hair euqipments to curl or straight the hairs.
• Exercise and healthy and hygenic food promotes hair growth.
• Some hair loss is due to genetic make-up. By accepting your genetic changes without any stress is the best way to cope your stress related to loss of hairs.

Related Articles :

Hair Growth and Role of Protein N-WASP 

Medicinal Importance & Information About Zinc

Stress Hazards On Health

Hair Loss Causes, Types & Its Management

Dandruff And Its Treatments

Air Freshners and Sprays may provoke asthma and Allergies

Asthma or dust allergies are most occurring disease now days. A patient having asthma or dust allergy should avoid air sprays used in home and some perfumes or scents. These chemical can trigger the congestion and may worse the condition and flu like symptoms. It is not necessarily an increase in allergies realted to these compounds in perfume products, but those products such as air fresheners, scented candles, deodorizers and mouth sprays.

Most of the products contain irritating chemical to which a person can be sensitive. Persons who are more prone to allergic reaction and asthma should have maintained special precaution while using the aerosols products.

This sound is irritating because the frequency of scratchy sound by nails on chalkboard have ranges between 2000 Hz and 4000, but our ear this pitch frequency sound is the sign of terror or something very irritating because human ear is most sensitive. Although some frequencies of sounds are amplified in our ear due to anatomy of Canal.

Reuter’s and Oehler’s conducted the study, they have found these sound induced a galvanic skin response which is a change in the skin’s electrical activity. This activity is also triggered by fright and can be measured, like a polygraph test.

Feeling irritation and awful after hearing that sound is because it evokes some psychological reactions that usually happen in something terrible or horror situation.

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Causes of Vitiligo

Background Information

Human body is made of two types of tiny skin cell or building blocks.

a) Keratinocytes: (The skin cells by which skin is made or can called as bulking cells)
b) Melanocytes: (The skin cells that make the skin color or impart colour features to skin)

In vitiligo patients, the immune defense skin cells attack on pigment producing cells and kill them in spite of killing germ cells. When the melanocytes die, the skin of that area turns white due to lack of melanocytes, which makes skin pigment or color.

Vitiligo Threats to Medical Professionals & Other hidden Causes

• As the immune cell destroying normal melanocytes in Vitiligo, The basic reason for this is unknown that makes a real threat to the dermatologist to treat and diagnose the disease.
• Some medical expert refers Vitiligo as a genetic cause and factor
•  Dr. Richard Spritz discovered after a years of research on Vitiligo that NALP1, a gene that seems to have with Vitiligo and is closely related with autoimmune diseases.
•  Vitiligo may sometimes also occur at the site of an old injury.
• The lack or deficiency of these vitamins effect on the psychological and social effects of even lighter skinned people are the major factor of developing this disease according to some researchers.

Symptoms of Vitiligo

• First notice white patches or spots (depigmentation) on their skin.

• Vitiligo generally occurs in one of three patterns. 1^st pattern is called focal pattern in which  depigmentation is limited to one or only a few areas.
•  Other pattern is the depigmented patches on only one side of their bodies also referred as segmental pattern.
• And when depigmentation occurs on different parts of the body it is termed as generalized pattern.
• Premature graying of the scalp hair, eyelashes, eyebrows, and beard.

Treatments of Vitiligo

Primary goal of therapy

I s to restore the skin’s color it can be done by Repigmentation of melanocytes on skin that regain its normal immune/inflammatory functions.

Prescription Medicine

Prescription medicines either use topical steroid or psoralen that is a common treatment of vitiligo but The main disadvantages of prescription medicines are that these are expensive.

Topical Steroid Therapy

Topical steroid therapy is used in the form of creams and ointments in starting  stages of Vitiligo. Medical Doctors usually prescribe steroids to children although  intense steroids are prescribed to adults. These are mostly recommended for a period of three years and their effect is generally temporary.

Psoralen Photochemotherapy

Psoralen photo-chemotherapy is also called psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA). This therapy includes  a combination of psoralen and UVA. Psoralen is generally a natural compound that is obtain form  seeds of Psoralea corylifolia

Oral Psoralen Therapy

Psoralens can be used orally in treating Vitiligo in raw form as well as in the form of various recipes but very few people will continue to take them because of bitter taste

Homeopathy

Homeopathic treatment targets are restoration of the normal functioning and balance of pigment producing cells on the skin.

Ayurvedic

In Ayurvedic science the treatment of vitiligo is similar to use of natural substances. Therapeutic vomiting and purgatives is also recommended by some Ayurveds.

 Surgical:

surgical treatment is considered  only if:

• Your vitiligo has not changed during recent year.
• You are not responding to other treatment i.e PUVA or PUVB treatment.
• You skin is not completely affected by Vitiligo
• You do not have Hepatitis C or AIDS or other auto immune disease.

 Information about Vitiligo